The line-item budget covers?
A. inputs only
B. outputs only
C. inputs and outputs
D. neither inputs nor outputs (more…)
A. inputs only
B. outputs only
C. inputs and outputs
D. neither inputs nor outputs (more…)
A. decision alternatives
B. cost analysis
C. project coordination
D. time analysis (more…)
A. it fails to factor in the variable of environment and instability
B. it fails to account for the variable of uniquely human qualities such as genius and despair
C. it gives too much emphasis to the variable of uniquely human qualities
D. it does not consider quantifiable and measurable variables (more…)
A. it allows us to disregard the differences in world views
B. it allows means and ends to remain ambiguous
C. it forces us to delineate the differences and similarities in world views and improves efficiency and effectiveness
D. it allows for new and fresh solutions to old and distressing problems (more…)
A. charismatic, traditional, legal/rational
B. titular, controllers, organizers
C. institutionalists, specialists, hybrids
D. charismatic, institutionalists, specialists (more…)
A. the most effective mechanism of control
B. as effective as input control
C. the less effective mechanism of control
D. more effective than behavior control (more…)
A. spend less time on external environment and more time on internal management
B. spend more time on external environment and less time on internal management
C. spend less time on both external environment and internal management
D. spend more time on both external environment and internal management (more…)
A. stress individual accomplishment over organizational yield
B. reduce production and increase morale
C. improve organizational efficiency and production’
D. alter machinery to lessen burden on the labour force (more…)
A. hierarchical and militaristic
B. technological and anti-humanistic
C. restrictive and rigid
D. collegial and competitive (more…)
A. public administration in 21st century
B. bureaucratic model of public administration
C. application of business practices in public management
D. a mechanism for improving service delivery (more…)