Karthik and Sue are lab partners assigned to research who is friendlier, girls or boys. After
conversing with their first 10 participants, they find that their friendliness ratings often differ.

With which of the following should they be most concerned?

A. reliability
B. confounding variables
C. validity
D. ethics

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Theoretically, random assignment should eliminate

A. the need to use statistics.

B. concerns over validity.

C. many confounding variables.

D. the need for a representative sample

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Psychologists generally prefer the experimental method to other research methods because

A. experiments are more likely to support psychologists’ hypotheses.
B. experiments can show cause-effect relationships.
C. it is easier to obtain a random sample for an experiment.
D. double-blind designs are unnecessary in an experiment.

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